2012年9月30日日曜日

The change of Fate! ー　運命によっての変わり

"Even though a field is profoundly hierarchized, with dominant social agents and institutions having considerable power to determine what happens within it, there is still agency and change."

The field of television:
"It contains people who dominate and people who are dominated. Constant, permanent relationships of inequality operate inside this space, which at the same time becomes a space in which various actors struggle for the transformation or preservation of the field.

All the individuals in this universe bring to the competition all the (relative) power at their disposal. It is this power that defines their position in the field and, as a result, their strategies."
(Bourdieu 1998b: 40-41).

Ａll subfields of the cultural field were... 社会の現実

"Bourdieu maintained that all subfields of the cultural field were dominated by the economic field" (Bourdieu 1994d: 144).

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"The homology between the specialized fields and the overall social field means that many strategies function as double plays which operate in several fields at once" (2005: 271).

Bourdieu produced studies which showed how various subfields appeared in people's lives.
For example, in Distinction (1984), Bourdieu brought detailed analyses of numbers of economic and cultural fields together to show not simply the correspondences across fields, but also the important mutualities that worked across fields to create gradations of social groupings distinguished by their "taste" in food, art, housing, schooling, recreation and so on.

ＳＯＣＩＡＬ　ＣＯＭＰＥＴＩＴＩＯＮ　－競争の意味

"The game that occurs in social space or fields is competitive, with various social agents using differing strategies to maintain or improve their position. At stake in the field is the accumulation of CAPITALS: they are both the process within, and product of, a field.

Bourdeiu nominated four forms of capital:
1) ECONOMIC (money and assets);
2) CULTURAL (eg. forms of knowledge; taste, aesthetic and cultural preferences; languages, narrative and voice);
3) SOCIAL (eg. affiliations and networks; family, religious and cultural heritage);
4) and SYMBOLIC (things which stand for all of the other forms of capital and can be "exchanged" in other fields, eg. credentials).

However, unlike a carefully manicured football field, there is no level playing ground in a social field; players who begin with particular forms of capital are advantaged at the outset because the field depends on, as well as produces more of, that capital.

Such lucky players are able to use their capital advantage to accumulate more and advance further (be more successful) than others.

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ＳＯＣＩＡＬ　ＣＯＭＰＥＴＩＴＩＯＮ　－競争の意味

これって正社員の前に、絶対に贅沢のことをしないようにしなくてはいけないんだよ！
いっぱいのお金の流れをもらわなくて、贅沢な生活をしようとしたら、一時的だけに外に贅沢を見せるが、その後、絶対に貧乏で死ぬよ。

今の世界で、はじめは、お金と（二番目としての）社会的な絆。その後、教養のある男性にしてもいいよ。

ＴＨＥ　ＲＯＬＥ　ＯＦ　ＰＲＡＣＴＩＣＥ　ＩＮ　ＳＵＣＣＥＳＳ　－実践の完璧さ！

"Each social field of practice (including society as a whole) can be understood as a competitive game or 'field of struggles' in which social agents strategically improvise in their quest to maximise their positions.

Social agents do not arrive in a field fully armed with god-like knowledge of the state of play, the positions, beliefs and aptitudes of other social agents, or the full consequences of their actions. Rather, they enjoy a particular point of view on proceedings based on their positions, and they learn the tempo, rhythms and unwritten rules of the game through time and experience.

Bourdieu's posits the notion of a 'feel for the game', one that is never perfect and that takes prolonged immersion to develop. This is a particularly practical understanding of practice - the use of terms such as "practical mastery:", "sense of practice" and "practical knowledge.""

ＴＨＥ　ＭＥＡＮＩＮＧ　ＯＦ　ＳＴＹＬＥ　－「スタイル」って？？

"Personal Style is never more than a deviation in relation to the style of a period or class so that it relates back to the common style not only by its conformity but also by the difference (Bourdieu 1977b:88)

一番いいのことを探して選んで、それをちょっと変えて、自分の「スタイル」にして！